Dynamo-electric machine.



'B. G. LAMMB, R. s. FEIOHT' & G. H. GARGELON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE... APPLICATION. FILED SEPT.13, 1905.

Patented Nov. 23, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: l INVENTORS B. G. LAMME, R. S. FEIGHT & G. H. GARGELON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13. 1905.

Patented Nov. 23, 1909.

2 8HEETS8HEET 2.

' WITNESSES:

I NVENTORS AiTORNEY .tr'ic motors of the induction type and in UNITED sT Tas ATENr car es.

BENJAMIN e. LAMMEAND RUSSELL s'. EEICHT, oFrIT'rsBoRe, AND enoaea H. GAR- c LoN,; or wILKI sBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, AsTsIe oRs TO wEsr cnoUs ELEC- TRIO & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A coRPoRA'rIo or PENNSYLV NIA.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

agrees.

Specification of Letters Patent; Patented Nov. 23, 1909.

. Application filed. September13, 1905. Serial No. 278,354.

To all whom at may concern;

Be it'known that WG,BENJA1\IIN-G.LAMME and RUSSELL S. Fmclrr, residents of Pittsbur of i ilkinsburg, in the county'of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania," citizens of-the United States, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines; f which the following is a specification'. Our invention relates to dynamo-electric machines and has particular reference to means for automatically starting electric motors with a minimum expenditure of energy.

The. object. of our invention is to provide means forautomatica'lly governing the cir cuit connections-of the primary and second ary windings of a motor, to obtain effectivestarting and efiicient'running conditions and for graduallyapplying a mechanical load,

that'shall be simple and durable in construction and the operation of which shall bedependent upon the speed of its rotating member.

In single phase alternating current elecother motors having similar characteristics,

it is desirable to reduce the starting currents to minimum values since they are usually excessive and particularly when the motor is started under load. In order to improve the conditions existing during the period of starting the motor, it'has been usual-to provide a hand-operated starting switch or controller by means of which a change in-the circuit-connections of the primary winding of the motor could 'be effected, and to -cm' ploy clutch pulleys to grip the load when a predetermined speed was attained.

According to,our lnvention we provide starting and runnlng windings forthestationary primary member of a inotor and anysuitable means for effecting phase displacement of the currents in the two windings, such as by the proper arrangement of resistances, reactances or condensers. The rotatable core portion may be provided with a three-phase Y-connected secondary winding having suit-able resistances in series with each phase or some other desirable winding with which resistances, may be advantageously employed for starting the motor. The secondary core member is rotatably and GEORGE H. GARoELoN, a resident mounted on its shaft and as it approaches a predetermined speed, a clutch mechanism is gradually actuated to drive the shaft, the

primary starting winding circuit is automat1cally broken and a'low-resistance circultv for the secondary wlnding 1S established so-that specially favorable conditions accordance therewith, thewinding of boththe primary and the secondary members being omitted to more fully disclose the automatic regulating mechanism and. Fig. 3 a diagrammatic view of suitable windings and circuit connectionsfor the motor of Figs. 1 and 2; l V

- Referring to the drawings, the motor 1 comprises a stationary magnetizable core 2 and a supporting frame 3 therefor, a rotatably mounted, substantially cylindrical core member 4C, a rotatable driving shaft 5, a mechanical clutch device 6,- a centrifugal switch 7 and a plurality of end bells .8 and'9, that are respectively provided with similar stationary bearings 10 and 11; 7

The stationary core 2 is provided, near its iimer-cylindrical surface, in the usual manner, with a plurality of slots 12, in-which a primary magnetizing -winding 13 and a starting winding 1+]: are located. The winding 13 is connected across a supply circuit 15 and 1G and the winding 1 1- is either composed of relatively high resistance. conductors or has a suitable ohmic resistance 17 connected in series with it. Any other suitable means may be employed for causing phase displacement of th'e' .currents in the respective primary windings, such as re-, actance in circu t with either of the w1nd-.

ings, or resistance in the circuit of winding and reactance. in the circuit of the other, or by the pro er arrangement of condensers. The rotatab e core portion 4 is provided with a plurality of slots 19in which-a three phase Y-connected secondary winding '20 is locatcd,'sa1d winding be ng connected to a resistance which comprises three'parts 21, 22

and 23. The three terminals of the wind ing 20 are respectively connected to one end of each of the resistance portions 21, 22 and 23 and to three contact members 2st of the switch 7 that are attached to the rotatable core member, the opposite ends of the resistances 21, 22 and 23 being connected together.

The switch 7 comprises two ring segments 18 that are mounted upon an extension of the end bell 8 and are insulated therefrom by an insulating ring 27; three inter-connected movable contact members that are pivotally mounted upon the rotatable core member and may be uniformly disposed thereon and normally held in engagement with the stationary ring segments 18 by springs 26 to complete a circuit through the starting winding until the rotatable core member reaches a predetermined speed at which the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the contact members exceeds the retaining force of the springs 26, and causes the contact members 25 to be disengaged from the ring segments 18 and moved into engagement with the contact members 2&, thereby opening the starting circuit and establishing a low-resistance circuit for the secondary winding.

The clutch device 6 comprises a collar 28 which is fixed to the shaft 5 and is provided wit-h a plu ality of annular friction surfaces 29 and 30, that are engaged by corresponding surfaces 31 and 32 on a spider which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 5 and supports the core portion at, and a friction ring 3% is so supported by said spider that a limited longitudinal movement is permitted. The spider and ring 3% are connected by a plurality of laminated steel springs 35 which are attached thereto and project through slots or openings in the spider. When the rotatable member of the core is at rest, the springs 35 slightly separate the two adjacent annular surfaces 31 and 32 from the corresponding annular surfaces on the collar 28 so that the rotatable core portion t together with the ring may be rotated b the action of the rotating magnetic field induced in the secondary winding 20 without driving the shaft 5 until a predetermined speed is reached. This predetermii'ied speed is determined by a plurality of weights 3'? which are fastened near the middle points of the steel springs 35 andare located in an annular groove 38 in the collar 28, being actuated centrifugally to bring the friction surfaces 31 and 32 intorespective engagement with the friction surfaces 29 and 30. In this way the shaft may be belted or direct connected to a load corresponding to the maximum load for which the motor is designed and Will be driven by means of the engagement of the aforesaid fr1ct1on surfaces, which will gradually bring the speed of the shaft to correspond to that of the rotatable core 4, and will further tend to minimize the current supplied to the motor at starting.

Although we have shown and described a specific combination we desire that all variations in the form of windings and arrangement of details which do not materially depart from the spirit of our invention, shall be included within its scope.

e claim as our invention:

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with aprimary core member, windings therefor having different time constants, a relatively rotatable secondary core member, a winding therefor and a resistance in circuit therewith, of an automatically operated means serving to cut one of the primary windings out of circuit and also to remove the resistance from the secondary circuit.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a primary core member, wind ings therefor having different time constants, a relatively rotatable secondary core member, a winding therefor and a resistance in circuit therewith, of automatically operated means serving to cut one of the primar windings out of circuit and also to remove the resistance fromthe secondary circuit, the operation of said means being dependent upon the speed of rotation of the machine.

3. In a dynamdelectric machine, the combination with a primary core member, wind ings therefor having different time constants, a relatively rotatable secondary core member, a polyphase winding therefor and a resistance in each leg of said winding, of 2111' tomatically operated means serving to cut one of the primary windings out of circuit and also to remove the resistance from the secondary circuit, the operation of said means being dependent upon the speed of rotation of the machine.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, windings for the primary core member having ditferent time constants, a winding for the secondary core member, a resistance in circuit therewith, and a shaft, of means operated by centrifugal force to cut one of the primary windings out of circuit and to remove the resistance from the secondary circuit, and means operated by centrifugal force to connect one of the members to the shaft when a certain speed of rotation is attained.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, windings for the primary core member having different time constants, a winding for the secondary core member, a resistance in circuit therewith, and a shaft, of automatically operated means serving to cut one of the primary windings out of circuit and to remove the I resistance from the secondary circuit, and an] automatically operated means for connectlng one of the members-to the shaft, said means being operated in a predetermined I sequence.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combinatlon with relatively rotatable primary.

and secondary core members, a starting and a running winding for the primary core.

member, a resistance in the circuit of the starting winding, .a polypliase winding for the secondary core member, a resistance in each leg of said winding,- and a shaft, of-

means operated by centrifugal force to cut the starting winding and its resistance out from the secondary circuit.

of circuit and also to remove the resistance 7 In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary the primary core member having different time constants, a winding for the secondary. core member, a 'IOSlStilnCB-III circuit therewith, and a shaft, of automatically operated means for cutting one of the primary windings out of circuit, and for removing the resistance from the secondary circuit and automatically operated means for' connecting one of themembers to the shaft, said meansbeing operated in a predetermined sequence and being dependent in operation upon the speed of rotationof the-machine.

8. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatableprimary and secondary coremembers, windin s for the primary core member having di erent time constants, a winding for the secondary. i core member and a resistance in circuit with said secondary winding, of insulated conducting segments constituting c rcuit terminals for one of the primary windings, terminal pieces connected to the resistance, and

Cit

means, dependent in operation upon the speed of rotation of the machine, for connecting either the conducting segments togcther or the. terminal pieces together.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, windings for the primary core member having different time constants, a winding for the secondary core member and a resistance in circu1tthere-- with, of insulated conducting segments const tuting circuit terminals for one of the primary windings, terminal pieces connected to the resistance, and means for connecting the conducting segments together at lower speeds of rotation of the machine and for connecting the terminal pieces together at the higher speeds. I

10. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, windings for the primary core member having 'dif ferent time constants, 'a. winding for the core members, windings for 12. In a dynamo-electric combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, starting and running windings for the primary core mary and secondary core member, a winding for secondary core member and a resistance in circuit therewith, of insulated conducting segments constituting circuit terminals for one of the primary windings, terminal pieces connected to the resistance, and brushes that engage and electrically connecttogether the conducting segments at the lower speeds of rotation of tliemachine and that engage and electrically connect together the terminal pieces at the'higher speeds ofi'otation of the machine. Y

11. In adynamo-electric machine. the combination with relatively rotatable primary and secondary core members, windings member, a winding for the secondary core member and a resistance circuit there I with, of insulated'eonducting segments coristituting circuit terminalsfor the starting winding, terminal pieces connected to the resistance, and means for connecting together either the primary conducting segments or the secondary terminal pieces'aecordingto the speed of rotation of the machine.

13. In a dynamo-electric machine, "the combinationwith relatively rotatable primember, a winding for the secondary core member and a resistance in circuit there with, of insulated conducting segments con=- machine, the

mary and secondary core members, starting -and'runmng windings for the primarycore stituting circuit terminals of the startingf Winding, termina'l pieces connected to the resistance, and centrifugally operated means for electrically connecting together the conducting segments at the lower speeds'of'rotation of the machine and forelectrically connecting together the secondary terminal v pieces at the higher speeds of rotation.

14;.In a. dynamo-electric machine, the

combination with relatively rotatable primembers, starting and running. windings for the primary core member and a resistance in circuit there- With, of insulated conducting segments con-.

stituting circuit terminals of the starting winding, terminal piecesconnected to the re sistance, brushes that engage and elec- -trically connect together" either the conduct ing segments or the secondary terminal pieces the secondary core according as the speed of rotation of the machine is less or gr ater than a predetermined amount.

1-"). In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a primary core member, windings therefor having different: time constauts, a relatively rotatable secondary core member, a winding therefor having a relatively high-resistance starting circuit and a l )\\'-11SlSti\]l(0 running circuit, ofan auton'iatically operated means serving to cut one of the primary windings out of circuit and also to close the low-resistance circuit of the secondary winding.

16. in a single-phase motor. a'primary and a s condary member, a starting winding, and automatic means aranged both to cut said starting winding out of circuit-and to reduce the otter-tire resistance of the secondary member When the motor is up to resistance of the secondary member when i the motor is up to speed.

In testimony whereot, we have hereunto subscribed our names this 9th day of Sept,

BENJ. J. LAMME. RUSSELL S. FEICHT. GEORGE H. GAROELON. Vit-nesses W. A. D1011,-

Fanonmo H. RICHARDSON, 

